Explain why chemical substances with different bonds have different properties.Please include features of the type of bonding that gives the...

Three different types of bonds in chemistry exist:
covalent, ionic, and polar.  All matter, in whatever state it exists, is held together
by the interaction of that substance's molecules or atoms.  Covalent bonds are created
when atoms or molecules share electrons; Ionic bonds are created when atoms or molecules
transfer electrons; Polar, or Hydrogen bonds, are created when a difference in
electrical charge occurs across a molecule. A molecule of water, (H2O) comprised of two
hydrogen and one oxygen atom, exemplifies a Covalent Bond -- the oxygen and hydrogen
share their outer electrons so that the molecule has a stable configuration. Adding
another oxygen to that molecule creates hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2) which is also
covalently bonded, but a much less stable configuration than water. The weakly held
extra oxygen tends to break from the molecule, transforming hydrogen peroxide into water
and oxygen gas.  Common table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl) is an example of the
stronger Ionic Bond - a positively charged sodium atom (Na+) bonds with a negatively
charged chlorine atom (Cl-) and the electrostatic charge keeps the molecule together.
 The characteristic properties of melting and boiling points of a substance give some
indication of the bonds that must be overcome or formed for that substance to change its
state. The melting point and boiling point for sodium chloride are 801 C and 1465 C.
 However, sodium fluoride (NaF) is also held together by an Ionic bond, but here the
bonding of the atoms is so strong that the melting point and boiling point are 993 C and
1700 C.  Finally, water can also exhibit the formation of Hydrogen or Polar Bonds
between its molecules; one end of a given water molecule has a slight positive
electrical charge, whereas the other end has a slight negative electrical charge.  These
intramolecular bonds give water its unusual but well-known melting and boiling points of
0 C and 100 C. In contrast, Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), even if similar in construct to
water (H2O) has no polar bonds between its molecules, and exhibits melting and boiling
points of -85 C and -60 C.  In other words, it changes state from solid to liquid and
liquid to gas with far less energy than water due to its lack of Polar
Bonds.