I need the conclusion of Frankenstein.

Victor Frankenstein and the monster meet in the cemetery. 
Frankenstein vows to avenge the deaths of William, Alphonse and Elizabeth.  He looks up
to see the monster, who followed him there and says he is pleased to see him suffering. 
Victor continues to look for the creature, finding himself on a ship where he meets
Walton.  Frankenstein vowed to get revenge and chase the monster to the ends of the
Earth, and Walton has taken up the same promise but his ship is stuck in the
ice. 

Victor dies regretting what he has done.  Walton
writes a letter telling his sister that Frankenstein asked Walton to seek peace instead
of obsession.  Interestingly enough, the monster enters the cabin and finds
Frankenstein’s body.  The monster mourns Frankenstein’s death, telling Walton that he
was conceived in misery and never intended to kill.  He is what Frankenstein made him,
and he will forever suffer.  The monster then leaves, going out over the ice never to be
seen again.

what are the positive effects of exercise and appropriate levels to decrease the risks of negative effects?

There are many positive effects of physical exercise. 
Some of the most commonly cited are improvements in cardio-vascular health, the
possibility of reducing cholesterol and increasing vascular efficiency, lowering blood
pressure, etc.  It can also lead to weight loss, higher muscle density, all kinds of
thing that are important in a well-functioning body.

There
are also mental benefits as exercise has been shown to improve cognition and improve
performance in all kinds of mental tasks for people of all ages.  It has also been
linked to decreased rates of dementia in older people as well as improving and sometimes
reversing the effects of dementia or Alzheimers in older
patients.

The appropriate level of exercise is of course
unique to each person and depends on their level of experience, the health of their
heart or if there are other pre-existing conditions.  Simple principles of moderation
and self-evaluation can go a long way towards preventing negative effects of too much
exercise.

Why was the name "Holy Roman Empire" a misleading name?

The Holy Roman Empire was made up of a group of little
states in Germany and Italy.  As your question implies, its name was a total
misnomer.

The Empire was not holy because it was not based
in any way on moral acts.  Instead, the Empire started because Charlemagne wanted the
Church's support so that he would have more power.  Meanwhile, the Church wanted the
support of a major ruler so it would be protected.  The creation of the Empire was about
power, not holiness.

The Empire was not Roman.  It didn't
cover nearly what the Roman Empire had covered and it was not ruled by people with any
connection to Rome.  It also wasn't really an empire because the Emperor's did not have
much control over the various little states that were supposedly parts of their
empire.

Why does Hamlet delay? Give three instances and the reasons in his own language.

That's the timeless question of the play.  At the end of
Act 1, Hamlet accepts his ghost-father's command to get revenge against Claudius because
Claudius killed Hamlet's father. In Act 1, sc. 5, Hamlet tells Horatio, "It is an honest
ghost-". Later, though, in Act 2, sc. 2, Hamlet says, "The spirit I have seen / May be a
devil, and the devil hath power / T'assume a pleasing shape..." which indicates that
Hamlet isn't sure the ghost he spoke to was truly the spirit of his dead father and
that's the reason he hasn't carried out his revenge.  He goes on to say that he will
have the players perform a re-enactment of the killing as described by the ghost. 
Later, in Act 3, sc. 3, when Hamlet has seen by the king's reaction that he is guilty of
what the ghost described, Hamlet has the opportunity to kill Claudius when Claudius is
all alone in the chapel.  Hamlet doesn't kill him though because, as he says in lines
72-78, if he kills Claudius while Claudius is prayer, Hamlet fears Claudius's soul will
go to Heaven and Hamlet does not want that.  He wants Claudius's soul to go to hell.  In
Act 4, sc. 4, Hamlet once again rails against himself and his lack of action saying that
he is not sure why he has delayed except that he overthinks the situation: "...Now
whether it be / Bestial oblivion or some craven scruple / Or thinking too precisely on
th' event....".  Even Hamlet does not seem to be clear about why he delays in getting
revenge.

Calculate lim (x-2)/(x^2-4), x->2.

To calculate the limit, we'll apply the dividing out
technique.

We'll apply the direct substitution, by
substituting the unknown x, by the value 2 and we'll see that it fails, because both,
numerator and denominator, are cancelling for x=2. That means x=2 is a root for both,
that means that (x-2) is a common factor for both.

We'll
write the denominator using the
formula:

a^2-b^2=(a-b)(a+b)

x^2-4
= (x-2)(x+2)

Now, we'll evaluate the
limit:

lim (x-2)/(x^2-4)= lim
(x-2)/(x-2)(x+2)

Now, we can divide out like
factor:

lim (x-2)/(x^2-4) = lim
1/(x+2)

We can apply the replacement theorem and we'll
get:

lim 1/(x+2) = 1/(2+2) =
1/4

So, lim (x-2)/(x^2-4) =
1/4

In Much Ado About Nothing, please provide a character analysis of Claudio in Act III scene 2.

You have picked an excellent act to talk about the
character of Claudio in this play. Claudio is presented as young and earnest, a warrior
who has accomplished "in the figure of a lamb the feats of a lion" during battle. Now,
in peacetime, he is looking for a bride worthy of the fame he has already worked hard to
achieve. Critics seem divided about his character. When he sees Hero, it is only after
establishing that she is of a good family and has money that he announces his intention
to woo her to Don Pedro. Such actions suggest that Hero is nothing but a trophy to
Claudio--a fitting beautiful bride for an ambitious young man eager to make his way in
society.

Unfortunately, the action in this important scene
does not give us much leverage to argue differently about his character. In spite of
the light-hearted jesting with Benedick about his radically changed character, when Don
John enters with news of Hero's infidelity, Claudio, in spite of his recent
protestations of love, is quick to believe the worst of Hero. He doesn't contradict Don
John's words in any way, in spite of the obvious malevolence of his character, and both
Claudio and Don Pedro play right into the hands of Don John like innocent and naive
flies buzzing ever closer towards the spider's web.

In Act 1.1.69 of Hamlet , how does Horatio interpret the appearance of the ghost?

Once Horatio has actually seen the ghost with his own eyes
he believes that it is a real ghost and not just a figment of the guards imaginations,
or to use Bernardo's word, a "fantasy."  Horatio has been brought out to the this place
because he is a school friend of Hamlet's and a scholar, not just a common guard.  The
three guards are hoping to confirm their sight and perhaps even get some intelligent
guidance on how to next proceed in regards to this ghost.  Clearly, the ghost doesn't
want to talk to any of them, but his presisent visits suggest that they need to do
something.  I would guess that none of the men is real anxious to tell Hamlet that the
ghost of his dead father is wandering around, but at least if Horatio, his trusted
friend, tells him the news, it will be bettered received and
trusted. 

As Horatio explains why he trusts his vision, he
explains that it looks like King Hamlet and it is dressed like King Hamlet once was. 
Horatio's conclusion is that this ghost "bodes some strange eruption to our state."  He
is well aware of "ghost-lore."  He knows that ghosts only come when there is unfinished
business or a warning to be conveyed -- there is no good/positive reason for a ghost's
appearance!

In Romeo and Juliet, how does the character of the Nurse compare in Act II scene 5 and Act I scene 3?

The character of the Nurse in this play is a very
interesting one to analyse. Of course, in Act II scene 5 she brings Juliet news from
Romeo about where and when to meet Romeo to marry him. Yet interestingly when she first
enters she deliberately "plays" with Juliet, complaining about her health and keeping
Juliet in suspense before delivering the news that the Nurse knows she wants so much to
hear:

I am
aweary, give me leave awhile.

Fie, how my bones ache! What
a jaunce have I!

She then
goes on to talk about the relative merits of Romeo as a man, commenting on his physical
qualities, until finally giving her the news that she has been waiting
for:

Then hie
you hence to Friar Laurence's cell;

There stays a husband
to make you a
wife.

Throughout she mocks
Juliet and makes fun of her, refering to the "wanton blood" in her
cheeks.

If we compare her presentation in this scene with
her first entrance in the play, Act I scene iii, the Nurse is similar in terms of being
a character who provides humour and is shown to be annoying Lady Capulet. She also is
very much in favour of her charge marrying, especially to "such a man" as Paris, who is
"a man of wax," in her words. However, what is key to note is the way that in the later
scene, the Nurse comes to deliberately defy what she knows to be the will of her
mistress by helping to organise a marriage between her charge and a Montague--the rival
family that is so bitterly in conflict with the Capulets. In spite of her apparent
approval of Paris as a match for Juliet, she goes behind her employer's back to help
Juliet create an illicit liaison with Romeo.

At what points does the line y=3x+2 meet the curve g(x) = 2x^2 -3x-2 ?

We have the line y= 3x+2 and the curve g(x) = 2x^2
-3x-2

We need to find the points of intersection between
g(x) and the line y.

Then, we know that the points of
intersection must verify the equations of both
lines.

==> g(x) =
y

==> 2x^2 -3x -2 =
3x+2

Now we will combine all terms on the left
side.

==> 2x^2 -6x -4 =
0

We will divide by
2.

==> x^2 -3x -2 =
0

Now we will use the
formula.

==> x1= (3+ sqrt(9+8)/ 2= ( 3+
sqrt17)/2==> y1= 3x+2 = (9+3sqrt17)/2 + 2 =
(13+3sqrt17)/2

==> x2= (3-sqrt17)/2==> y2=
3x2+2 = (9-3sqrt17)/2 +2 = (13-3sqrt17)/2

Then the points
of intersection are:

( (3+sqrt17)/2 ,
(13+3sqrt17)/2 ) and ( (3-sqrt17)/2 , (13-3sqrt17)/2
)

What effect does the point of view have on the story?

The narrator of Virginia Woolf's short story, "A Haunted
House", is most probably a married woman who is living in a house formerly occupied by
the ghost couple when they were living.  Virginia Woolf is most notably known by her
stream of consciousness narration.  This means that the thoughts and emotions of the
narrator flow from one to the next.  The effect it has on this story is two-fold: one,
the reader experiences the thoughts and feelings of the ghosts through the narrator;
two, the reader also gets the thoughts and feelings of the actual narrator.  I believe
Woolf approached the point of view of this story in this way because it conveys the lack
of fear the narrator feels toward the ghosts, and the connection she has with
them. Sometimes the thoughts of the narrator are intertwined with those of the
ghosts. Also, while one expects the story to be "scary" because of the title, the ending
of the story, when the narrator realizes the ghosts have found the love they lost
through death in the relationship she shares with her husband.  It's actually a very
touching and heartwarming story. 

Describe the various means used to deprive African Americans of their right the vote during the late 1800's.

One way African Americans were deprived of their right to
vote was through the use of poll taxes.  A poll tax was a payment a person would have to
make in order to vote.  African Americans were the poorest members of society so many
could not afford this tax.  Another way African Americans were deprived of their right
to vote was through literacy tests.  A person would have to show that he could read and
write in order to vote.  African Americans were the least educated members of society so
many could not pass this test.  Many times these tests were rigged so African Americans
would fail them.  To allow poor, illiterate whites to vote, grandfather clauses were
passed which allowed anyone whose father or grandfather was eligible to vote before 1867
would not have to pay the tax or take the test.  Since no African Americans were allowed
to vote prior to the passage of the 15th Amendment in 1867, the grandfather clause would
not apply to them, but would allow poor, illiterate whites to vote.  Finally,
organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan were established which used violence or the
threat of violence to keep African Americans from voting.

How does the author reveal Hamlet’s fragile state, despite slips from reality?

Your question concerning Shakespeare's
Hamlet is a bit confusing.  You use the word "despite" even though
breaks from reality would definitely reveal a "fragile state."  I don't know that Hamlet
suffers any breaks from reality, but since you don't want those anyway, I'll deal with
other revelations. 

Hamlet's fragile state is revealed
mostly during his speeches.  In Act I he classifies the world as an "unweeded garden." 
Hamlet is taking his own situation (unexpected loss of a father, hasty remarriage of his
mother, and loss of the crown that he must have considered his--these are revelations of
his shaky state, too, by the way) and applying it to the state of the world and of human
existence. 

Hamlet also wishes at one point that God had
not declared suicide a sin.  Obviously, he is
contemplating it.

In the famous "To be or not to be"
speech, Hamlet questions the value of existence. 

Hamlet
sees all women as unfaithful, lustful, frail, ungrateful, once again applying his own
situation (his problems with his mother and Ophelia) to the world as a whole. 
 

Hamlet also uses sarcasm and satire in his conversations
with others (Claudius, Polonius, Gertrude, Ros. and Guil.), possibly a sign of
depression.

All in all, Hamlet is depressed and
despairing.  He definitely is in a fragile state.

Does pH level affect the cleaning ability of soap, detergent or stain remover?If so, please give the reason and resources

pH is a measure of the acidity of a substance.  More
specifically, it measures the proton concentration via the following equation:
pH=-log[H+].  The pH level will absolutely affect the effectiveness of soaps,
detergents, and stain removers.  Many stain removers and detergents contain enzymes to
help break down stains.  Enzymes are proteins and consist of long chains of amino
acids.  Proteins are designed to operate most efficiently at a particular pH.  If the
pH of their environment is changed too much, the protein will denature and lose its
shape, thereby losing it's ability to function (in this case breaking down stains and
soils).  Soap itself is made under highly basic conditions, meaning a very high pH.  As
such the polar part of soap is in salt form.  Using soap under highly acidic conditions
can affect this salt and therefore the effectiveness of the soap's cleaning
abilities.

In Kim Edwards- The Memory Keeper's Daughter, what is the setting and how is it important to the book?Help is greatly appreciated.

The setting in 1960s-70s America is very important to The
Memory Keeper’s Daughter.  First of all, David’s past has a strong influence on his
decision to give up his daughter Phoebe when he finds out she has Down ’s syndrome.  He
grew up in the early 20th century when medical technology was not modern.  His sister
died as a result, and her death and his mother’s reaction haunted him
forever.

 Phoebe and Paul are born in 1964, when genetics
were not really understood.  People with Down’s syndrome often died, and if they didn’t
they were considered retarded and sent to mental institutions like the one Caroline
visits to leave Phoebe at.  David strongly believes that if they keep Phoebe they are in
for a life of misery, because she will either die or have a very difficult
life.

 Another way the setting influences the storyline is
Caroline’s struggle for services for Phoebe.  In the 70s, people did not understand
mental limitations and Phoebe was considered retarded and uneducable.  Caroline’s desire
for special education mirrors many parents’ at that time, because they did not have the
equal education laws we have today since the Americans with Disabilities Act was
passed.

In "Self-Reliance" does society conspire against self-reliance?

In his seminal work, "Self-Reliance," Ralph Waldo Emerson
touts the merits of rugged individualism.  Conspiring against this individualism is
society, which is against the manhood of all its members.  Emerson
declares,

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Society is a joint-stock company in which the
members agree for the better securing of his bred to each sharholder, to surrender the
liberty and culture of the eater.  The virtue in most request is conformity. 
Self-reliance is its
aversion.

Emerson states that
if a man would truly be a man, an individual, he must become and remain a
non-conformist.  As his associate, Henry David Thoreau, has stated, he must "march to
the beat of a different drummer."  For Emerson, conformity--"a foolish consistency"--is
the "hobgoblin of little minds," a fear of rejection or disapproval from society.  But,
in order to be an individual, in order to be great, one must be different and, probably,
misjudged:  "To be great is to be misunderstood," Emerson
writes. 

In order to understand truth, one must be an
individual, not a conforming member of society.  For, the experience of truth is a
divine one; it is one in which the individual stands alone, above time and space, and
even above life and death. 

Name five important characters in Macbeth, Act 1, and explain why they are important.

Act I includes these key
characters:

1. King Duncan: His murder drives the
   play; his goodness makes Macbeth's regicide even more
   abominable.


2. Macbeth: He is the central figure, the
   protagonist, in the play.


3. Banquo: As a foil to Macbeth,
   Banquo is especially important; his murder later in the play shows Macbeth's further
   descent into evil.


4. Lady Macbeth: As Macbeth's wife, her
   character is very important; she plans Duncan's murder and exerts tremendous influence
   upon Macbeth to follow through. Without Lady Macbreth, Macbeth might not have actually
   killed the king.


5. Malcolm: As King Duncan's son, Malcolm
   is the rightful heir to the Scottish throne; after killing Duncan, Macbeth casts guilt
   on Malcolm and his brother, forcing them to leave Scotland; Malcolm will not give up
   until Macbeth is defeated.

Is Lord of the Flies a utopia or a dystopia??

It is dystopian. The boys end up fighting and some die;
hardly an ideal of utopia.

The setting and circumstances
are utopian; children living free of the impositions of adults on an idyllic tropical
island. The fact that the boys crash on a desert island is meant to propose that it is
utopian because they come from a world engaged in atomic war. (The corollary is WWII).
The boys work together at the start but quickly devolve into fighting factions; all
arguing over the rules and fighting over the means of survival; namely Piggy’s
glasses.

Even utopian works can be interpreted as
dystopian. Utopia is an ideal society (so ideal that it is hard to imagine). Fittingly,
it means “no place.” The Lord of the Flies is on an island and this
is a direct reference to Sir Thomas More’s Utopia which was set on
an island. Ralph is a reference to Raphael in More’s book which may be a reference to
the archangel Raphael. In Christianity, Raphael means ‘healer.” In Islam, he is
responsible for signaling Judgment Day by blowing the horn (Sur) to send out a blast of
Truth. This is a clear reference to the conch as the means of restoring order. This also
illustrates that Ralph and Piggy in particular (The Lord of the
Flies) are characters which expose the Truth that this is not a Utopian
island. Both More’s and Golding’s books are satires since they metaphorically comment on
their own historical context. The Lord of the Flies is certainly
dystopian. And some might argue that More’s Utopia is also
dystopian, certainly in historical hindsight because it endorses slavery, severe
punishment for adultery, and euthanasia. So, even utopian ideas tend to be fraught with
contradictions.

Other dystopian novels: Brave New
World, 1984, Anthem, Animal Farm, A Clockwork Orange, The Giver.

Prove the following identity 1-2sin^2a=cos^4a-sin^4a.

1 - 2sin62 a = cos^4 a - sin^4
a

First we will start from the right side and prove the
left sides.

==> cos^4 a - sin^4
a

Let us factor.

We know
that:

cos^4 a - sin^4 a = (cos^2 a - sin^2a)(cos^2 a +
sin^2 a)

But sin^2 a + cos^2 a =
1

==> cos^4 a - sin^2 a = (cos^2 a - sin^2
a)

But we know that:

cos^2 a +
sin^2 a = 1

==> sin^2 a = 1- cos^2
a

==> cos^4 a - sin^4 a = (cos^2 a - ( 1- cos^2
a)

                                      = cos^2 a -1 +
cos^2 a

                                   = 2cos^2 a
-1

==> cos^4 a - sin^4 a = 2cos^2 a -1
...........q.e.d

What material was used to build Lincoln Memorial?

The Lincoln Memorial is constructed of five kinds of
stone.  One of the kinds of stone is Indiana limestone.  Another type of stone is
something called Yule Marble.  This second kind of stone comes from quarries in
Colorado.  A third type of stone used is pink Tennesse marble.  A fourth kind of stone
used (for the statue of Lincoln) is marble from Georgia.  Finally, there is granite that
comes from the state of Massachusetts.

The Lincoln Memorial
was authorized by Congress soon after Lincoln's death (authorized in 1867).  However, it
was not actually started in 1914.  It took the builders 8 years to complete it and the
memorial was dedicated in 1922.

What makes Chichen Itza a great example of Mayan engineering?

In addition to being a political and economic center for
the Maya, Chichen Itza also served as an astronomical and religious center. One of its
buildings, El Caracol (literally, "the snail" in Spanish, due to the remains of the
circular staircase atop the building) has been discovered to have been used as an
astronomical observatory. Although angles of the building mark the sun's extreme
positions during winter and summer solstices, others indicate the motion of the planet
Venus, which was considered sacred by the Maya. Although much younger than Stonehenge,
El Caracol demonstrates the same process of cosmic recordkeeping defined by a stone
structure.  To build a structure that could precisely define astronomical alignments
implies a sophisticated study of engineering and architecture.

How is Frankenstein an example of science fiction?

Shelley's work can be considered part of the science
fiction because it ponders the fundamental question of the genre in "What if..." 
Science fiction is primarily defined by thinkers posing this question in different
contexts and conditions.  What Shelley has rendered is just that in her question of
"What if one could clone life?"  Victor's exploits in science help him to discover a
world that is different than the one he traditionally knows of and in which he lives. 
This is an aspect of science fiction in that it takes the idea of what could be and
manifests it into the possible explanations.  Another reason why the work could be
considered science fiction is because it shows that the result of this exploration is a
disastrous one.  The construction of life is one that turns out to possess terrible ends
for him and this is where the science fiction ends are most present.  The genre of
science fiction is one where what might be seen as good and optimistic is one revealed
to be far worse.  In this light, Shelley's work can be seen as science
fiction.

When Victor describes the monster in Mary Shelley's novel, Frankenstein, what terrifies him most?

In Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, there
is a great deal of vivid imagery that helps share Victor's sense of horror when looking
at the creature he has brought to life.

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...by the glimmer of the half-extinguished light,
I saw the dull yellow eye of the creature
open...

Victor then describes
how it takes its first breath. In an instant—a moment of epiphany—the pains Victor
Frankenstein had taken to construct a creature of beauty are illuminated before him to
see, instead, the truth of what he has done: he has made a horrifying mistake, a crime
against God and nature—a monstrous looking being.

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I had selected his features as beautiful.
Beautiful!—Great God! His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries
beneath; his hair was of a lustrous black, and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness;
but these luxuriances only formed a more horrid contrast to his watery eyes, that seemed
almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his
shrivelled complexion and straight black
lips.

Victor flees from his
workroom and falls asleep only to waken to the creature reaching toward him, grinning.
Once again Victor runs away.

He
writes:

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I had gazed on him while
unfinished; he was ugly then; but when those muscles and joints were rendered capable of
motion, it became a thing such as even href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)">Dante could not have
conceived.

The potent and
precise imagery Shelley adopts in describing the monster's appearance, along with
Victor's reactions, brings to the reader's mind a sense of horror similar to the
creator's. Victor Frankenstein's responses are all based simply upon appearance, which
will be one of the creature's criticisms not only of Victor, but also of society in
general.

It seems that the creature's looks horrify Victor
the most. I can only surmise, but it is perhaps the eyes that would be the most horrific
of the things that so chill Victor's heart because as people we often look to a person's
eyes to glimpse one's thoughts, intent, emotions, and soul. In this case, it may well
have seemed to Victor that the creature's eyes, so bizarre in their color and
presentation, would have been most haunting and terrifying.

Examine the external environment by naming and explaining.answer please

In business, environment refers collectively to all the
influences outside the organization that impact a business or a firm. Thus environment
always refers to the external environment. Of course we can think of environment as
consisting of several layers surrounding the form in its center. Moving from the most
inner layer to outer layers we can group them in three
groups.

Strategic group and markets:
This consists primarily with the customers, suppliers, channel partners and other
organization with whom the business has regular transactions. This layer has an almost
direct influence on the firm.
Industry or sector: This is
a layer that envelops the strategic group and market layer and embraces the complete
industry or sector of which the firm is a part, irrespective of whether it has any
business dealing with them. Some of the organization in this layer ma be direct
competitor of the firm. This layer affect the firm within the same industry or sector
more than those outside.
Macro-environment: This is the
most general environmental layer. All the firm and all the firms exist within this layer
and are affected by it. However each firm may be influenced differently by specific
features of macro-environment.

The macro-environment of a
firm is generally classified in six different kinds of influences.These are political,
economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental and legal. These six are
collectively referred as PESTEL framework.

Please describe the setting.

The entire story of "An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"
takes place on a railroad bridge in Northern Alabama during the American Civil War.
Other events happen in the condemned man's (Peyton Farquar) mind, but the all of the
actual action takes place on the bridge.

The railroad
bridge is situated above Owl Creek (not a river!) with a small military fort located at
one end. The tracks disappear into a forest about 100 yards away. The bank of the stream
opposite the forest included

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... a gentle slope topped with a stockade of
vertical tree trunks, loopholed for rifles, with a single embrasure through which
protruded the muzzle of a brass cannon commanding the
bridge.

A temporary
scaffolding was placed upon the tracks in a manner in which the condemned man would
fall between the crossties. Farquar noticed mists downriver below
the bridge.

Told in a flashback fashion, Chapter II reverts
to Farquar's Alabama plantation some 30 miles away where he meets a thirsty soldier
while sitting on a "rustic bench" on the edge of his property. Chapter III then
flash-forwards to Farquar's imagined escape. After surviving the hanging, he manages to
swim downstream and disappear into the forest, in which he travels all night before
arriving back at his plantation home.

How is religion a force of conservation?

Very interesting question. Some social scientists believe
that religion is a force of conservation because it gives a specific people a blueprint
or plan to follow and on which to base their lives which emerges from a specific
historical time period. Because of this, they argue, following the "blueprint" or code
of conduct will make it difficult for these people to move with the times and adapt and
show flexibility to changing circumstances. A classic case would be Islam, that some
critics would argue is still trapped in a previous century because of its harsh
legislation and rules. However, it is important to note that the same criticism has been
levelled at Christianity and every other major
religion.

Religions therefore present us with a set of
rules and laws that must be followed. They demand obedience or threaten some form of
eternal punishment. Yet because of this they lack flexibility and responsiveness to a
rapidly changing world with very different circumstances from when these religions
began. You also might like to think about the way that the conservative political forces
in America are often religious, trying to maintain and preserve social institutions such
as "the family" being based around a heterosexual marriage, rather than any different,
more modern interpretations of "family."

Throughout the book, how did Charlie change? What were his personality and relationships like at each point in his growth process?

At the beginning of the story Charlie was mentally
handicapped and diagnosed with an IQ of 68. He was 32.

For
a man with mental retardation (as explained in the story), he was incredibly motivated,
making sure he worked hard at a Special university and making tasks to be selected for a
surgery which would triple his IQ.

After the surgery, the
first sign you see is that he is operating complex machines, and his IQ begins to
increase. Most importantly, he beat Algernon in completing a maze: Algernon is a rat who
underwent the same operation as a test variable.

Yet when
you put into perspective that Charlie went from two completely different sides of life
(from mentally challenged to genius) in just months, you can imagine the changes that
impacted his personality.

First of all, he would see people
for who they really were. He understood now all the digs that were thrown at him in the
beginning, and the double entendre of many jokes. He changed, because he wanted
desperately to be taken seriously. In a way, he shun everyone who was one his friend so
that he could eradicate that part of his life.

Equally, he
fell in love. When he did, he overanalyzed and over complicated things because his mind
would work so fast and with such complexity that he was now losing friends, and his
attitude continued to change.

When he realized the mistake
in the hypothesis that would contribute to his increase in IQ, his anger was not just
directed at the doctors, but at himself, at the society who laughed at him once, and at
all of those whom he once loved.

As his condition
deteriorated again, he came back to being a simple man, almost childish, still in pain
for what was gone, but most importantly, he was returned to a state of innocence that
begged for the mercy of Algernon, rather than for his own.

In Amy Tan's "A Pair of Tickets," language plays a key role to Jing-Mei "becoming Chinese." How does Jing-Mei feel about speaking Chinese?Look...

Language does, indeed, play an enormous role in Amy Tan's
short story, "A Pair of Tickets," from her collection The Joy Luck
Club.

When Jing-Mei meets their family in China,
they are separated to some extent by language. While her father and his great-aunt,
Aiyi, can speak Mandarin, the rest of the family speaks Cantonese. Jing-Mei herself
cannot speak either language, though she understands Mandarin moderately well. With this
first meeting, the exchange of information takes place using Mandarin, Cantonese and
English.

Because of Jing-Mei youthful resistance to all
things Chinese in terms of her own life, it is not surprising that she did not try
harder to learn the language of her parents, of her "people," and her
heritage.

When Jing-Mei begins to talk about her mother's
experience in China in 1944—when she was forced to leave her twin baby girls, and almost
died herself—questions come to this daughter that she had never thought to ask her
mother while she was alive. Jing-Mei asks about the names of her half-sisters, her
mother and herself, and the translations are beautiful, not only showing the loveliness
of the language, but also an elegance she may not have associated with her mother, the
knowledge of her mother's love for her twins, and a connection her mother felt between
her twins and Jing-Mei, who was born later.

The twins'
names mean "Spring Rain" and "Spring Flower" (the first twin to arrive, the "rain," and
the second twin, the "flower," which follows the "rain"). Jing-Mei's mother's name,
given to her by her mother, means "Long Cherished Wish" or "Forever
Never Forgotten." The meanings of these names provide a deeper dimension for Jing-Mei's
consideration as she seeks understanding of this new world she is
in.

When her father translates her own name, he tells
Jing-Mei that it, too, is special. "Jing" means something more than just good:
"something pure, essential, the best quality." "Mei" means younger sister. Jing-Mei
thinks on this:

readability="7">

My mother's long-cherished wish. Me, the younger
sister who was supposed to be the essence of the
others."

Her own self-doubt
makes her believe her mother must have been disappointed with
her.

The most striking reference to language is the pivotal
moment when Jing-Mei asks her father to tell her her mother's entire story, of her
running away. However, when he begins in English, Jing-Mei
insists:

'No,
tell me in Chinese,' I interrupt. 'Really, I can
understand.'

Somehow, it is
at this point, that Jing-Mei's resistance to her own connection to her Chinese heritage
melts. Now it is not a chore to listen to the Mandarin Chinese, but her wish, and it is
worth the extra effort to hear it and understand it in her parents' native
tongue.

When Jing-Mei and her sisters meet, the awkwardness
Jing-Mei had feared does not exist at all, and they embrace with love, while Jing-Mei
not only sees her mother's face in her daughters' faces, but senses her mother's
presence there as well.

Jing-Mei's father takes the
Polaroid picture of the three girls—as they study it, their faces appear before their
eyes, similar to their mother's. Perhaps this is when Jing-Mei's sense of being a
disappointment to her mom disappears as she finally sees the three of them through her
mother's eyes:

readability="11">

I know we all see it: Together we look like our
mother. Her same eyes, her same mouth, open in surprise, to see, at last, her
long-cherished wish.

That
wish, of course, was the three of her daughters reunited.

How do the Magi relate to the meaning of the story "The Gift of the Magi" by O. Henry?

The allusion to the Magi of the Bible, extends to the idea
that these men traveled from afar to be in the presence of the greatest gift of God to
mankind, His only Son:

readability="9">

For God so loved the world that He gave his only
begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in Him, shall not perish, but have everlasting
life. [John 3:16]

Clearly, O.
Henry's story is one with a very Christian theme, the theme of love as meaning that one
is willing to sacrifice one's own desires for the happiness (or safety) of another. 
Like the Magi, Della and Jim understand the true meaning of love, and they understand
that sacrifices are often necessary in order to experience true love.  Like the Magi who
traveled from great distances under strenuous conditions, Della sacrifices her prized
possession of her luxurious hair in order to buy a present for Jim, and Jim does
likewise for Della; in the end, they give each other the richest gift of love, just as
the Magi bring the baby Jesus rich gifts.

What social values and patterns of behavior did suburban life encourage?

I think that the depiction of suburban life in the wake of
the Second World War helped to fuel the idea that the urban setting was a cesspool of
negativity while the suburbs were an ideal living setting.  The conditions that  brought
this to light were many.  One such was the perception that the cities were unsafe and
their massive congestion was a reflection of a lack of safety as well as an overall
threatening condition.  Along these lines was the population swelling in each setting. 
The suburbs were largely populated by the White society, individuals who were leaving
the cities in droves.  This condition was termed as "white flight," because Whites were
leaving the cities in a perceived response to the increase in the population of people
of color, specifically African- Americans who were entering the cities.  At the same
time, banks and lending institutions were approving more mortgages for suburban starter
homes, while simultaneously "red lining" the same lending practices in the cities,
contributing to a sense of economic disadvantage and lack of empowerment in these
areas.  This helped to enhance the values and beliefs that "responsible" fiscal
management existed in the suburbs, and a lack of fiscal security existed in the cities. 
Such practices helped to demonize the cities and deify the suburbs.  These values, to a
great extent, were absorbed by people in each setting and about the other
setting.

What is a summary of chapter 1 of The Twenty-One Balloons?

Chapter one opens with an introduction to the main
character of the book, Professor William Waterman Sherman, who has been rescued out of
the Atlantic Ocean, where he was found nearly dead in the wreckage of twenty balloons. 
The captain of the boat which picked him up orders that he be placed on bedrest and
nursed back to health.  Once Professor Sherman has gained enough strength to talk, the
captain wants to know exactly how he came to be stranded in the middle of the Atlantic
surrounded by the balloons.

Professor Sherman, despite his
weakness, announces that the first telling of his great adventure is reserved for "The
Western American Explorer's Club," a fraternity to which he belongs back at home and to
which, he is most loyal.  Professor Sherman not only refuses to tell his tale to his
rescuers on the ship, but when the captain deposits him in a hotel in New York and sells
his version of the story to a local newspaper, Professor Sherman further refuses to give
any clues to the reporters who show up at his hotel door.  The short, one-sided story of
the captain makes it all the way to the President of the United States, who's secretary
writes a letter to Professor Sherman, personally requesting his presence at the White
House to announce his story to the world.  Professor Sherman sends a quick and negative
reply to the President's secretary.  The chapter concludes with a final note from the
secretary of understanding, as well as the provision of the Presidential train to
transport Sherman back to his home in San Francisco.

A weight of a mass is given by m*g, where g = 9.81 m/s^2. At what distance from the Earth does the weight become half.

The weight of a an object is the force exerted on the
object by the gravitational pull of the Earth.

If the mass
of the Earth is taken as Me, the radius of the Earth is Re; we get the gravitational
force between the Earth and an object of mass m as

F =
G*Me*m/ Re^2

We have G*Me/Re^2 =
9.81

For the force to become half while G, Me and m are
constant, the distance of the object from the center of the Earth has to be
increased.

Let the distance be
D

G*Me/ (Re + D) ^2 = 9.81 /
2

=> 9.81* Re^2 / (Re + D) ^2 = 9.81 /
2

=> (Re + D) ^2 = 2* Re
^2

=> Re + D = sqrt 2 *
Re

Taking the radius of the Earth as 6300
km

=> D = Re*(sqrt 2 -
1)

=> D = 6300(sqrt 2 -
1)

=> D = 2600
(approximately)

The weight is half
approximately 2600 km away from the surface.

Explain why DNA is a store of genetic information, and how the base pairings are important?

I will answer your two questions in reverse, because it
makes more sense that way.

The base pairings are important,
because each 3 base sequence gets transcribed into a 3 base Codon on an mRNA molecule. 
This mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus of the cell and travels to a ribosome.  The
ribosome reads each Codon and pairs it up with the Anticodon of a specific tRNA
molecule.  For eacmple:

DNA:  ACG --> mRNA:  UGC
---> tRNA: ACG 

Each specific tRNA molecule (in this
case, ACG) carries a specific amino acid (in this case, threonine).  As the mRNA
molecule is thus translated by the ribosome, a long chain of amino acids, arranged in a
specific order, is synthesized.  This chain of amino acids, called a polypeptide, will
then be transported to the Golgi Body where it is processed and will become part of a
protein.  And proteins are used by your body to build structures (hair, muscle,
hemoglobin, etc) and enzymes (which regulate all the metabolic
processes).

So, the short answer:  DNA stores the
information used to build proteins.  The specific base pairings code for specific amino
acids that build these specific proteins.  If you have the wrong base pairing, you will
most likely get the wrong amino acid, and thus the wrong protein.  This is called a...
mutation!

What is/are the theme/themes in the play Rhinoceros?

In my mind, the most dominant theme in the play is how
individuals will be able to withstand the force of a conformist social setting.  The
fact that everyone in the village starts to become these rhinos and Berenger is the only
one who has not become a rhino.  The manner in which he deals with being the "last
human" is part of the thematic development of the work.  Berenger engages in self doubt
and a sense of agony as to why he is so different and unique.  He tries to blend in with
this conformist vision in order to avoid the pain present in being distinct.  Yet, he
resolutely affirms his own sense of identity as being against the majority at the end of
the narrative.  I think that this is probably the strongest theme to emerge because it
highlights the challenges of the individual against the social order and how there has
to be strong enough steps to safeguard against this
encroachment.

I need a short summary of Chapter 14 of Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe.I need summary of Chapter 14 only - thanks a lot.

In Chapter 14, Okonkwo returns in disgrace to his mother's
kinsmen with his wives and children. He is accepted by Uchendu, the wise patriarch of
the family, and, after the requisite sacrifices have been offered, he is given a plot of
ground on which to build his huts, and some land to farm. Each of Uchendu's sons also
give him seed-yams to plant. Soon the rains come, a welcome respite after a long period
of drought. The earth comes to life, and the people are "happy, refreshed, and
thankful."

Okonkwo, like the others, works hard on his
fields, but his work brings him no joy. When there is nothing to do he sits around
lethargically, essentially cursing his fate and feeling sorry for himself. Uchendu sees
this, and resolves to talk to Okonkwo. First, however, his youngest son is about to be
married, and the "final ceremony of confession" must be performed. In this ceremony, the
bride-to-be sits in the center of a circle of her betrothed's family, holding a hen in
her right hand. She is then asked how many men she has lain with since being engaged,
and she must answer truthfully, or great calamity will befall her. The young woman
answers that she has been with no man, and when she swears that her words are true, the
hen is killed and she becomes a bride. The next day, with his son happily married,
Uchendu calls Okonkwo and the men of the tribe to a meeting. Uchendu asks Okonkwo why it
is said that "Mother is Supreme" and why a woman is returned to her own kinsmen when she
dies. When Okonkwo and the others cannot answer, he explains that "a man belongs to his
fatherland when things are good and life is sweet," but when things are hard, "he finds
refuge in his motherland." Uchendu then chides Okonkwo for allowing his sorrow to weigh
him down and refusing to be comforted by his mother's kinsmen. He points out that
everyone suffers, and tells Okonkwo to stop feeling sorry for
himself.

Justify the title, "The Gift of the Maji".

According to the Christian tradition, the wise men or magi
who travelled from afar to place their gifts at the baby Jesus' feet as he lay in the
manger were the first gift givers.  Therefore the title of the story is meant to reflect
that tradition as well as the unselfishness of the givers in that the magi travelled
such great distances to give their gifts to the newborn baby.  In some ways they are
also linked to the story in that their gifts were in some ways less practical to a baby
but were meant to signify their willingness to sacrifice, just as Jim and Delia were
willing to sacrifice for each other, even if it meant giving up their most prized
possession.

Explain how a country's economic policy influences the success of the tourism industry.

There are a number of ways in which economic policy could
influence the success of the tourism industry.

First, there
are ways that economic policies a government takes can have a direct impact on tourism. 
This type of impact would occur when a government makes policies explicitly aimed at the
tourism industry.  For example, if a local government subsidises the building of a
resort in a beach town, the tourist industry in that town will, presumably,
benefit.

Second, there are ways economic policy can
indirectly affect tourism.  For example, government monetary policies are most likely
not aimed at tourism.  However, if a government's monetary policies cause the exchange
rate for its currency to fall, tourism will likely benefit.  This is because the
country's currency will become cheaper and vacations in that country will become less
expensive for people in other countries.

What page does in 'Twilight' does Bella realize Edward is a vampire?What kind of things does she think about? What exactly does it say when she...

Bella comes to the conclusion that Edward is a vampire
right around page 138-139. She realizes the truth but doesn't quite fully admit it to
herself yet. When she realizes that he is a vampire, she thinks about two options: the
first option is that she could tell him to leave her alone, run away from him, refuse to
see him, and never talk to him again. The second option is to continue to act as she had
been, to see him, to talk to him, to be with him, and accept him. She thinks that if he
were going to hurt her, he would have done it already, and she believes that he is good.
She makes her decision rather easily, because she is already falling in love with him.
She really can't stay away. 

When she tells him she knows,
she explains how she heard the story from Jacob Black, and he freezes, only barely
hiding his nervousness. She tells him, "I decided it didn't matter." This happens in
chapter 9, on page 184 of my edition. When this happens, the truth is out in the open,
and she makes it clear to Edward that she trusts him and is willing to work things out
to be near him, even though he believes this is wrong. Neither of them can bring
themselves to stay away from each other. 

What is Detente?

Detente comes from the French word, loosen or
relax.

Within the context of history, the word has been
used notably during the Cold War period of the 20th Century. Richard Nixon, president of
the United States and his Secretary of State, Henry Kissenger began a period of easing
the strained relations between the West and East (Soviet Union) during the
1970s.

To this point, this was a major foreign policy shift
of the United States. Since the end of World War II, the foreign policy of the US and
its allies had been one of Containment towards the Soviet Union and its allies. The idea
of detente was a concession by Nixon and Kissenger that Containment had
failed.

There were other periods of detente throughout
European history. During the 19th Century Napoleonic Wars, detente between Czarist
Russia and Austria for example or Sweden and Prussia during the same period. Finally,
also during the 18th Century the easing of tensions between Spain and
Portugal.

There are other examples, but I believe the
intent of your question has been answered in my first
part.

Hope it helps.

How would you describe or detail Civic Humanism - specifically that of Florence?

The term "Civic Humanism"
(Bürgerhumanismus) was coined by historian Hans Baron who used it
to describe a reaction against tyranny and foreign invasion. Focussing specifically on
Renaissance Florence, but also echoing the tensions of his own historical era (the
Weimar Republic), Baron found that Florentine citizens faced the threats of absolute
power with a rediscovery of classical models of republicanism based on virtue and active
participation. The tradition of Florentine Civic Humanism thus joined the experience of
the Italian communed of the late Middle Ages and the more modern philosophies of
humanism and classical learning. This union made it possible to conceive the government
of the city as a service to the fulfillment of individuals. Yet, this fulfillment is
always seen in the context of the common good as citizens become actively involved in
the political and economic activities of the city to improve not only their personal
condition but that of the whole community. The key concepts of Civic Humanisn are seen
as having informed the work of philosophers such as Rousseau and Montaigne. They have
also provided the intellectual arguments for American Independence and the French
Revolution. In its more contemporary developments the term has been associated with
Cambridge school philosophers such as John Pocok and Quentin
Skinner.

What happens to John when the crowd begins to imitate his behavior?Chapter 18 Brave New World

What happens to John at this point in the book is that he
completely loses his head and, because of it, he will soon lose his
life.

When the crowd starts to imitate him, they get caught
up in a frenzy.  For them, the only kind of frenzy that is familiar is the "orgy-porgy"
sexual frenzy.  So that is what they do.  John is already quite emotionally charged and
in something of a frenzy himself.  So it is not surprising that he loses control and
participates in the orgy.

This leads to him killing himself
out of shame.

What could the non sustainable business do to reduce its global footprint?

Non-sustainable business means a business that cannot
expect to continue to do business and grow for long because of the environmental damage
and other cost to the society caused by its manufacturing and other activities, and by
the consumption and disposal of its products.

There are no
clear criteria for qualifying a business as non-sustainable. For example, do we consider
the business cigarette manufacturing business as non-sustainable because of the harm
caused by smoking to the health of direct smokers as well as passive
smokers?

Different types of businesses may be considered
non-sustainable for many different reasons. Accordingly the the step they need to take
to reduce their global foot print - that is, adverse impact of their activity on global
environment - will also needs to be different. A company manufacturing newsprint paper
is non-sustainable because the wood it uses for making the paper is reducing the forest
cover. A company like this could undertake a tree plantation program to become
sustainable. A power utility may be considered non-sustainable because of high
environmental pollution created by its coal operated power plants. This company may have
to improve its coal combustion and power generation technology, and introduce equipment
to improve the quality of its exhaust. Such company may also benefit by adopting
generating electricity from renewable sources of energy and nuclear energy. A petroleum
company may find is advisable to go in for development of alternative bio fuels. Thus
each business must decide appropriate method of reducing global footprint suitable for
its business and its situation.

What impression do you get of the relationship between Walter and Ruth throughout the play in A Raisin in the Sun?

It is important to realise the grim realities of poverty
that Walter and Ruth and the rest of the Younger family live under every single day of
their lives. It is clear that living in a cockroach infested apartment with mice running
around is no fun, as is working as a chauffeur to people richer than yourself or doing
cleaning jobs to make ends meet. Walter in particular has big dreams of achieving
financial success through his own efforts by opening a liquor store, yet these dreams
and the reality of their lives create massive conflict in their marriage, that as Mama
recognises, threaten to "drive away" Ruth. Note how they argue in Act One, when Walter
asks Ruth to ask Mama for the money needed to start his
business:

readability="10">

Honey, you never say nothing new. I listen to
you every day, every night and every morning, and you never say nothing new.
(Shrugging) So you would rather be Mr. Arnold
than be his chauffeur. So--I would rather be living in Buckingham
Palace.

However, in spite of
appearances, it is clear that they do genuinely love each other, and fortunately, at the
end of the story, Walter's decision to stand up to Lindner and refuse his cash offer
shows that the family is working together now to face their problems head on rather than
trying to tear itself apart by trying to fight their own individual
corners.

Given that (x-2) and (x+3) are factors of 2x^4-ax^3-10x^2+bx-54, find a and b.

We'll apply the division of polynomials. Considering the
fact that x-2 and x+3 are factors, that means that 2 and -3 are the roots of the
polynomial 2x^4-ax^3-10x^2+bx-54. We know that we could write a polynomial as a product
of linear factors, depending on it's
roots.

2x^4-ax^3-10x^2+bx-54=(x-2)(x+3)(cx^2+dx+e)

We've
noticed that multiplying (x-2)(x+3), we'll obtain a second degree polynomial. But the
given polynomial has the fourth degree, so we have to multiply (x-2)(x+3) with another
polynomial of second degree.

We'll do the math, to the
right side and the result will be:

(x-2)(x+3) =
x^2+x-6

(x-2)(x+3)(cx^2+dx+e) =
(x^2+x-6)(cx^2+dx+e)

(x^2+x-6)(cx^2+dx+e) =
cx^4+dx^3+ex^2+cx^3+dx^2+ex-6cx^2-6dx-6e

If 2 polynomials
are identically, that means that the corresponding coefficients are
equal.

2x^4= cx^4, so
c=2

-ax^3=(d+c)x^3, so d+c=-a,
where c=2,
d+2=-a

-10x^2=(e+d-6c)x^2

-10=e+d-6c

e+d=-10+12

e+d=2,
where e=8, so d=2-8,
d=-6

bx=(e-6d)x

b=e-6d

-6e=-54

e=8

d+2=-a,
a=-2-d, where
d=-6

a=-2-(-6)

a=6-2

a=4

b=e-6d,
where d=-6 and
e=8

b=8-6(-6)

b=8+36

b=44

Caesar was not killed because of the man he was, but for the man he might have become (?) I need 2 main ideas, 2 details, and a conclusion

In answering this question, the reader looks to what is
known as the "seduction scene" of Act I, Scene 2, of Julius
Caesar in which Cassius seeks to persuade Brutus to join the conspirators in
their assassination attempt on Julius Caesar.  Wishing to solicit Brutus into the
conspiracy because of his honorable reputation, Cassius suggests Caesar's tyranny by
suggesting that Caesar has "now become a
god"(1.2.116):

readability="14">

Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow
world

Like a Colossus, and we petty
men

Walk under his huge legs and peep
about

To find ourselves dishonorable graves
(1.2.141-144)

Not only is
Caesar too powerful, contends Cassius, but he is also unfit to rule.  Cassius relates a
time when he and Caesar swam in the Tiber River and Cassius had to save Caesar from
drowning.  Also, he fell sick in Spain, and fell down from an epileptic seizure.  Casca
says that Caesar "fell down in the marketplace and foamed at mouth and was speechless:
(1.2.256-257)

Also, Cassius has Casca describe how Caesar
was off a crown, but he refused it.  However, as he "put it by," Casca
says,

...he
would fain have had it....he put it by again; but to my thinking, he was very loath to
lay his fingers off it....He put it the third time by; and still as he refused it, the
rabblement hooted... (1.2.
244-248)

Later, to convince
Brutus, Cassius forges letters from senators and
says,

.....I
will this night'

In several hands, in at his windows
throw,

As if they came from several
citizens,

Writings, all tending to the great
opinion

That Rome holds of his name, wherein
obscurely

Caesar's ambition shall be glanced at.
(1.2.318-322) 

In To Kill a Mockingbird, using lots of details and descriptions, explain how Atticus deals with problems. Quotes would be nice, too.Harper Lee, To...

In To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus
Finch is unquestionably a character who represents an educated man in the true sense of
the word.  For, he is able to step back from his selfish desires and perform noble,
altruistic acts instead.  Because of his character, Miss Maudie tells the children that
Atticus is the conscience of the town, doing what they could not do. When he is assigned
the position of defender for Tom Robinson, his sister asks him if he cannot eschew the
task; however, Atticus replies that he is obligated to fulfill the assignment if he
would keep his children from acquiring the "disease of Macomb county."  In another
instance, the nobility of his character is evidence when Atticus ignores the vitriolic
insults of Mrs. DuBose, instructing Jem to read to her in retribution for destroying her
camellias.  After Mrs. DuBose dies, Atticus explains to Jem that she has been addicted
to morphine, but wanted to die without its dependency.  He tells
Jem,

I wanted
you to see something about her--I wanted you to see what real courage is, instead of
getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand....She was the bravest
person I know.

That Atticus
is also brave and a man of principle is indicated in his acceptance of the position of
defender to Tom Robinson.  For when his sister asks him if he could not have declined to
be this defender, Atticus replies that he is obligated to fulfill the assignment if he
would ensure that his children not contract "Maycomb's usual disease."  Later, when
Alexandra worries about the stress that the trial has upon Atticus as the other members
of the community make him do what they lack the courage to do, Miss Maudie wisely
cautions her to be quiet, saying, "...We're paying the highest tribute we can pay a
man.  We trust him to do right."

And, while Aunt Alexandra
has the theatrics of her missionary teas, it is Atticus who is the veritable Christian.
This charitableness of Atticus is demonstrated early in the novel when Atticus scolds
Scout and tells her that one must "climb into [another's] and walk around in it" in
order to really understand that person.  Similarly, he reprimands the children for
taunting Boo Radley and invading his privacy which should be
respected.

Atticus Finch is also humble.  He has been known
as the best shot in town, but the children do not discover this attribute until Atticus
must shoot a rabid dog one day.  Afterwards, Miss Maudie tells the children the reason
Atticus has not boasted of his talent:  "People in their right minds never take pride in
their talents." 

After the children are saved from Bob
Ewell's attack, Atticus Finch, with humility, expresses his gratitude to Boo Radley: 
"Thank you for my children."

Atticus Finch deals with
problems with fortitude, charity, reasson, and love.  Always he is an example to his
children, loving but firm in what he believes is the right thing to teach them.  With
the community he is fair and objective.

Explain how recreational drugs can influence the availability of transmitters in the brain.

Recreational drugs affect neurotransmitters in the brain
many ways. Some drugs increase the production of particular neurotransmitters, others
suppress their production or their effect and some drugs due to their molecular
structure can bind to sites which are meant for specific neurotransmitters and mimic
their actions. These effects caused by the drugs result in experiences of intense
pleasure or reduced pain which makes those using drugs take them with increased
frequency and in larger doses.

Some examples of these
effects are morphine which binds to the receptors for endorphin and nicotine which binds
to the receptors for acetylcholine. They can in this way acts as these neurotransmitters
in the brain. Cocaine and ecstasy increase the production of dopamine and serotonin
respectively. Alcohol has the ability to block NMDA receptors, and reduces its
availability.

How did Stalin come to lead the Soviet Union?

Joseph Stalin whose real surname was Dugashviliwas an
early follower of Lenin. He later changed his name to Stalin, meaning "man of steel."
His friends called him "Koba," the name of a Robin Hood type figure who fascinated him
as a child. Although he was paranoid and ruthless, this does not explain his rise to
power. Stalin was also quite cunning. He often sided with members of the politburo
against a single member, thus eliminating that member. Then, he sided with the majority
of the remaining members, thus eliminating those who opposed him one by one. Ultimately,
even Lenin began to distrust Stalin, but Lenin suffered a debilitating stroke. While he
was recuperating, Stalin had special editions of newspapers printed for Lenin's eyes
only which portrayed only good news. Stalin had the phones of other members of the
politburo bugged (including his arch rival Leon Trotsky) and when he learned that
Lenin's will specifically objected to Stalin succeeded him, he intercepted the Will.
Stalin quickly turned on those who had previously supported him, thus securing more
power for himself. Typically, he accused them of being enemies of the Revolution. In
this regard, he was helped by his major henchman, Lavrentia Beria, a psychopathic
murderer. During the Great Purges, Stalin eliminated practically everyone who had
supported him earlier, frequently promising leniency if they confessed, or threatening
their families.  Members of the politburo often slept with pistols under their pillows
to commit suicide should the KGB appear in the middle of the night, so that they might
avoid the hideous torture they knew would await them otherwise. They often held their
breaths when they heard the sound of the apartment elevator, hoping it would not stop on
their particular floor. An excellent but chilling account of Stalin's rise to power and
his stranglehold on the Soviet Union is Simon Begag Montefiore: Stalin, at the
Court of the Red Tsar.

In The Old Man and the Sea, they say "a man can be destroyed but not defeated," explain this quote.

As the old man battles to first bring in the fish he has
hooked and then to try and get it to the shore without exhausting his last reserves of
strength, he is repeatedly destroyed in small pieces.  First he is worn very thin and
weary by the long chase and all of the actions he must take in order to draw the fish to
the boat.  His hands are torn to pieces and he grows very hungry and thirsty as he runs
out of provisions.  The sharks soon begin to tear at the very fish that he spent so much
time and energy bringing in.  Eventually they have basically taken everything of value,
destroying the man and his boat and the fish in the
process.

Yet the struggle and the will of the man to
continue are not defeated, he has gained a victory even as the thing for which he fought
was destroyed, even as he was destroyed.

How does Immanuel Kant define "enlightenment" and what is the signifance of his definition?

Kant believed that we only see the appearance of things
(phenomena). We don’t see things-in-themselves (noumena). If we did see noumena, we
would automatically choose the correct moral or logical
option.

Since we only see the appearance of things, we are
forced to make a choice. To make the correct choice, we cannot rely solely on the
appearance of things; we must also use reason. If our reasoning brings us to the
conclusion that 2=2=4, then we can choose that this is true in the material world as
well.

The same concept goes for moral and social decisions.
We must choose the correct option if it agrees with our individual reason. It is our
moral obligation to do so. In other words, we must make a decision as if it adheres to a
universal law. Kant called this duty of decision the “categorical imperative.” In order
to make these decisions, we have to use reason and this requires that we think for
ourselves. We cannot rely solely on our sense perceptions just as we cannot rely solely
on what others have told us. For example, if you live in a society that endorses
oppression or hate, you have the moral responsibility to be brave enough to use your
individual reasoning to decide this is wrong. And you must act according to that
reason.

In his essay, “Answering the Question: What is
Enlightenment?” Kant said the Enlightenment was:

readability="7">

Mankind’s final coming of age, the emancipation
of the human consciousness from an immature state of ignorance and
error.

In Kant’s context, an
individual becomes enlightened when he/she has the courage to act and think without the
guidance of another. If an overall social enlightenment occurs, it is because the world
has individually and collectively reached an era in history when they begin to think for
themselves. Kant notes that the majority would probably continue to conform: too scared
to think for themselves.

Enlightened individuals must not
be restricted by thoughts of previous generations. Enlightenment entails progress. Only
an individual who is courageous enough to think and reason for her/himself is able to
make the best dutiful decision when faced with any choice: a categorical
imperative.

This is significant for many reasons. One is
that this established the idea that reasoned, individual thought is necessary to make
moral decisions and it is also necessary when challening authority figures or public
opinion. Kant established that the enlightened person must be courageous. This is also
significant in that an enlightened ruler must be courageous enough to allow free thought
and speech. These are the keys to an enlightened society.

Find the derivative of f(x)=[cos2x/(x^2+x+1)]^1/2

f(x) =
[cos2x/(x^2+x+1)]^1//2

We need to find the first derivative
f'(x)

We will use the chain rule to find the
derivative.

Let f(x) = sqrt
u

==> f'(x) = (sqrtu)' = -1/2sqrtu *
u'

u= cos2x/(x^2+x+1)

Let us
calculate u'

u' = ( cos2x)'*(x^2+x+1) - (cos2x0*(x^2+x+1)'/
(x^2+x+1)^2

     = -2sinx*(x^2+x+1) - (cos2x)*(2x+1) ] /
(x^2 +x+1)^2

Now we will substitute into
f'(x).

==> f'(x) = -1/2sqrtu *
u'

                 = -1/2sqrt(cos2x/(x^2+x+1) *
[(-2sin2x(x^2+x+1)-(cos2x)(2x+1)] /
(x^2+x+1)^2

==>f'(x) =
(2sin2x*(x^2+x+1) +(cos2x*(2x+1)]/
(2sqrt(cos2x/(x^2+x+1)*(x^2+x+1)^2

what does the grade of joint movement of S1/T1/L2 indicate?

Neurologic level of
injury

The NLOI is defined as the most
caudal (ie, lowest) level of the href="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/567856">spinal cord that has
normal motor and sensory function. The motor level, which is a better predictor of the
patient's functional abilities, is determined by the manual testing of key muscle groups
on both sides of the body. These groups represent neurologic levels, and findings are
graded 0-5, as follows:

• Grade 5 - Normal; muscle
  movement through the complete range of motion (ROM) against gravity and full resistance
  


• Grade 4 - Good; muscle movement through the complete ROM
  against gravity and moderate resistance


• Grade 3 - Fair;
  muscle movement through the full ROM against gravity alone
  


• Grade 2 - Poor; muscle movement through the full ROM
  with gravity eliminated


• Grade 1 (Trace) - Palpable
  muscle contraction or joint movement, but not through complete ROM, even with gravity
  eliminated


• Grade 0 - Zero; no muscle movement or
  palpable
  contraction

Motor levels
representing upper and lower extremity function (and key muscles) are as
follows:

• C5 - Elbow flexion (biceps)
  


• C6 - Wrist extension (extensor carpi radialis)
  


• C7 - Elbow extension (triceps)
  


• C8 - Finger flexion (flexor digitorum profundus)
  


• T1 - Small finger abductors (abductor digiti minimi)
  


• L2 - Hip flexion (iliopsoas)
  


• L3 - Knee extension (quadriceps)
  


• L4 - Ankle dorsiflexion (tibialis anterior)
  


• L5 - Great toe extension (extensor hallucis longus)
  


• S1 - Ankle plantar flexion (gastrocsoleus
  complex)

Sensory function is determined by
examining 28 key sensory points on both sides of the body. These points are designated
within dermatomes for light touch and pin prick. They are graded as follows: 2 = normal,
1 = impaired, and 0 = absent.

Sensory levels are designated
as follows:

• C2 - Occipital protuberance
  


• C3 - Supraclavicular fossa
  


• C4 - Top of acromioclavicular joint
  


• C5 - Lateral antecubital fossa
  


• C6 - Thumb


• C7 - Middle
  finger


• C8 - Little finger
  


• T1 - Medial antecubital fossa
  


• T2 - Apex of axilla


• T3
  - Third intercostal space (IS)


• T4 - Fourth IS (nipple
  line)


• T5 - Fifth IS (midway T4-T6)
  


• T6 - Sixth IS (xiphisternum)
  


• T7 - Seventh IS (midway T6-T8)
  


• T8 -  Eighth IS (midway T6-T10)
  


• T9 - Ninth IS (midway T8-T10)
  


• T10 - Tenth IS (umbilicus)
  


• T11 - 11th IS (midway T10-T12)
  


• T12 - Inguinal ligament (midpoint)
  


• L1 - Half the distance T12-L2
  


• L2 - Midanterior thigh
  


• L3 - Medial femoral condyle
  


• L4 - Medial malleolus


• L5
  - Dorsum of foot (3rd metatarsophalangeal joint)


• S1
  - Lateral heel


• S2 - Popliteal fossa (midline)
  


• S3 - Ischial tuberosity
  


• S4-5 - Peri-anal
  area

ASIA Impairment
Scale

The ASIA Impairment Scale classifies
the completeness of SCI on a scale from A-E, as
follows2,3,4,5
:

• A - Complete; no sacral motor or sensory
  sensation in segments S4-5


• B - Sensory incomplete;
  preservation of sensation below the level of injury, extending through sacral segments
  S4-5


• C - Motor incomplete; voluntary anal sphincter
  contraction or sensory sacral sparing with sparing of motor function distal to 3 levels
  below the motor level of injury, with the majority of key muscles having a strength
  grade of less than 3


• D - Motor incomplete; voluntary
  anal sphincter contraction or sensory sacral sparing with sparing of motor function
  distal to 3 levels below the motor level of injury, with the majority of key muscles
  having a strength grade of 3 or greater


• E - Normal;
  normal motor and sensory recovery (hyperreflexia may be
  present)

What are the 6 steps of how the annual budget of the federal government prepared and passed?

There are actually more than six steps, but the main ones
are as follows:

1. By the first Monday in February the
President submits budget to Congress.

2. February-September
Congressional phase.  Agencies interact with Congress, justifying and explaining
President’s budget. The House and Senate Committees on the budget draft budget
resolutions. The budget resolution is a kind of blueprint for actually appropriating
money for the budget. Differences between the House and Senate budget reports are
resolved in a conference report which then needs to be approved by both houses. The
budget resolution is supposed to be pased by April 15, but this date is often
missed.

3. Discretionary spending (as opposed to
entitlements like social security) is in the form of appropriation bills, involves
annual actions that must be completed before the beginning of a new fiscal year. These
bills much be passed by both houses of Congress.

4. Within
10 days after approval of a spending bill (in some years such bills may not be passed,
see below), Federal Agencies submit apportionment requests to OMB for each budget
account.

5. Within 30 days after approval of a spending
bill, OMB apportions available funds to agencies by time period, program, project, or
activity.

6. October 1 Fiscal year
begins.

In practice, the budget process often gets delayed
and the Congress has to pass continuing resolutions in order to keep the government
operating.

In Confederates in the Attic, what characteristics of the South does Tony Horwitz find significant by the time he reaches Kentucky?Specifically...

By the time Horwitz reaches Kentucky, he has learned many
things about Southern character in general, and how Southerners remember the Civil War
specifically.  "Southerners are very strange about that war," Shelby Foote is quoted as
saying at the beginning of the book, and Horwitz has some stories to tell to prove it. 
At a library in North Carolina, Horwitz attends a birthday party for Robert E. Lee and
Stonewall Jackson where chicken-in-a-biscuit and lemon snaps are served to honor,
respectively, Lee (and the pet hen he took with him during the 1863 campaigns) and
Jackson (who was said to have sucked on the candy during fighting).  In South Carolina,
Horwitz learns that Charlestonians would just as soon forget about the war and focus on
tourism, and in Columbia, he meets a gentleman who decrees that the United States
government is being controlled by Israel and the only hope for America is to revive the
Old Confederacy.  In Kentucky, Horwitz stumbles into a near brawl at a dangerous biker
bar called "Redbone" and then finds Jim and Velma recruiting for the KKK out of an old
rusty Buick. While Jim proselytizes abou "God, Race and Nations" and collects $25 from
anyone wishing to join, Velma regales Horowitz with stories of her grandkids, Christmas
crafts, and a cross-burning she is looking forward to.  In Virginia, he takes part
in the Confederate side of a reenactment of the Battle of the Wilderness, and later
receives withering looks from African-Americans in the grocery
store. 

In Act 4, Scene 3 in Macbeth, Malcolm deliberately lies to Macduff. What does this behavior and the reason for it, reveal about his character?

This is a rather curious scene in this play where Malcolm
shows his own character and ability to manipulate and test his subjects. In response to
Macduff's claims that Macbeth must be deposed, Malcolm presents himself as an even worse
king than Macbeth, saying, for example, that:

readability="29">

But I have none: the king-becoming
graces,

As Justice, Verity, Temp'rance,
Stableness,

Bounty, Perseverance, Mercy,
Lowliness,

Devotion, Patience, Courage,
Fortitude,

I have no relish of them; but
abound

In the division of each several
crime,

Acting it many
ways.

He clearly exaggerates
his own "evil deeds," lying to Macduff deliberately to test his loyalty to Scotland
rather than to a specific person. When Macduff says that such a king should not be given
power, Malcolm says:

readability="15">

Macduff, this noble
passion,

Child of integrity, hath from my
soul

Wip'd the black scruples, reconcil'd my
thoughts

To thy good truth and
honour.

Malcolm therefore
quite coldly has tested Macduff to work out where he stands and if he can be trusted.
The main function of this scene appears to be to assess the moral forces present in the
drama that are opposed against the evil of Macbeth, however, rather worryingly perhaps,
Malcolm shows himself able to manipulate others and test them for his own motives and
reasons, which could either be shown as a sign of political maturity or a sign of
potential evil to come.

Is the chapter "Hairs" in The House on Mango Street coherent? If so, how? If not, why?

The chapter is coherent both internally and in the overall
narrative. The internal coherence of the chapter is given by the consistent focus on the
hairs of the different family members. In addition the sketch, the second of the book,
adds details on the narrator's family members that were introduced by the first
vignette. "Hairs" also introduces the theme of gender roles and the narrator's search
for a community of women (the book is dedicated "A las Mujeres, To the Women") in her
description of her mother's comforting and reassuring hair. In addition, the narrator's
own hair which "never obeys barrettes or bands" symbolyzes her own yearning for freedom
and independence.

Explain why Browning waits until the end of "My Last Duchess" to tell to whom he has been talking and why?

Browning's poem "My Last Duchess" is a dramatic monologue
that begins in the middle of a conversation between the duke and another individual.  
We can gather from the beginning that the speaker is looking at and discussing with
another the picture of his late wife

readability="8">

That's my last duchess painted on the
wall,

Looking as if she were
alive

 This
situation immediately provokes questions from the reader:  What happened to the
Duchess?  What caused her death? As the speaker continues to give details about the
painting, details about her personality are also revealed to us.  We learn that she was
lively, humble, joyous, kind, and responsive to others.  Sympathy for this young woman
who died is aroused. 

But we also detect hostility in the
speaker's voice.  He is criticizing his late wife for what seems to be innocent
behavior.  He seems proud and overbearing, demanding respect for his
"nine-hundred-years-old name."  He seems to be possessive and jealous if she found
pleasure in people or things apart from him. 

Then,
the hammer falls!  We gather with shock that the Duke had had his wife killed because
she did not please him:

readability="7">

This grew: I gave
commands;

Than all smiles stopped
together. 

Here the reader is
fully engaged in the text.  We want to know why the Duke is revealing such a horrendous
act and for what purpose.  The final lines seal our verdict of the Duke.  We see that
the story of his last wife was deliberately told and calculated as a warning to the
emissary of his betrothed's family as to how his new bride should act.  The ending is
chilling.  The Duke, because of his wealth and name, was able to murder with impunity,
and his new bride will have no choice but to conform to his tyranny.  The details of the
poem are arranged to provoke curiosity, create suspense, and convey a lasting impression
of a powerful man in a patriarchal society. 

What social attitudes and cultural practices related to “A Rose for Emily” were prevalent during the time it was written?I am trying to write...

Prior to the Civil War, the South was more like its own
country than it was a part of the United States.  After the Civil War and
Reconstruction, both major defeats for the South, it was left rather vacuous, without
identity, "Christ-haunted" according to Flannery O'Connor, but still very much aware of
its former glory according to Faulkner, who didn't believe in the concept of
past:

The past is never dead. It’s not even past.
(Requiem for a
Nun)

And

“[T]o
me,” Faulkner remarked, “no man is himself, he is the sum of his past. There is no such
thing really as was because the past is. It is a part of every man, every woman, and
every moment. All of his and her ancestry, background, is all a part of himself and
herself at any moment.”

As it relates to "A Rose
for Emily," the South (Emily) is trying to recapture and morbidly maintain the Old and
the Dead.  So, what the South was still very much aware of were the
following:

• Fundamentalist Protestant and
  evangelical zeal


• Chevalier
  heritage


• Agrarian virtue and plantation
  aristocracy


• White
  supremacy


• Purity of
  womanhood


• Birthplace of jazz, blues, and rock 'n
  roll


• Hotbed of sports
  (football)


• A "lost cause"; illegitimate; full of
  contradictions


• A fragmented, bi-polar culture
  

I've got two favorite quotes about the South.
 The first is from W. J. Cash and Lillian Smith from
everything2.com:

readability="12.212844036697">

href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Extant">Extant and not (as a
href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=cultural">cultural title="construct"
href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=construct">construct), the title="South" href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=South">South
continues to constitute a profound problem: how to resolve its contradictions? It is a
distinct and wonderful place, the source of href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=jazz">jazz and the title="Southern novel"
href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Southern%20novel">Southern
novel; it is also the site of href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=slavery">slavery, title="lynchings"
href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=lynchings">lynchings, and
hyper- href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=conservative">conservative
delusions of href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=Christianity">Christianity. In
short, it is a href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=bipolar">bipolar culture
suffering a grave href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=existential">existential crisis,
and her residents posses the same href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=fragmentation">fragmentation of
identity, the same duality of existence, which makes the href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=South">South such a difficult
place to consider without href="http://everything2.com/index.pl?node=anxiety">anxiety.146

The
other is from John Shelton Reed's My Tears Spoiled My
Aim:

You're in the American South now,
a proud region with a distinctive history and culture. A place that echoes with names
like Thomas Jefferson and Robert E. Lee, Scarlett O'Hara and Uncle Remus, Martin Luther
King and William Faulkner, Billy Graham, Mahalia Jackson, Muhammad Ali, Elvis Presley.
Home of the country blues and country music, bluegrass and Dixieland jazz, gospel music
and rock and roll. Where menus offer both down-home biscuits and gravy and uptown shrimp
and grits. Where churches preach against "cigarettes, whiskey, and wild, wild women"
(all Southern products) and where American football is a
religion.