Does a pediatrician need parental consent (from both parents) to administer drugs to an 8 year old child?

A physician only needs the consent of the custodial parent
to administer drugs; that is, if the parents are separated or divorced. If the parents
are living together as husband and wife, again, only the consent of one parent is
needed. Medical treatment of this sort implies some degree of urgency; and it is often
inconvenient to locate and secure the signatures of both parents. It is assumed,
legally, that each parent will have the child's best interest at heart, and will not
act   or disregard of the others express wishes. Therefore, physicians, surgeons, and
hospitals normally only require the signature of the available parent, unless the parent
does not have legal custody of the child, a situation that does  not happen often. In
some situations, if an emergency exists, the physician may administer treatment without
parental consent.