What are the functions of culture according to Greenblatt and Forster?

Stephen Greenblatt is one of the first critics belonging
to the New Historicism movement, which developed thanks to the poststructuralism of the
1960s and 1970s. Influenced by French critics Michel Foucault and Louis Althusser, New
Historicists challenge ideas of a single and uniform culture and stress that culture is
always a contested territory between the different social elements of an historical era.
In his work on Elizabethan and Renaissance drama, Greenblatt has highlighted how this
body of literature, including Shakespeare's texts, finally produce a legitimization of
the ruling classes and institutions. In his Renaissance Self-Fashioning
(1980), Greenblatt concludes that, in the texts and documents he has
analyzed, "the human subject itself began to seem remakably unfree, the ideological
product of the relations of power in a particular
society".

E. M. Forster belongs to an earlier period as he
was born in 1879 and died in 1971. Therefore, he couldn't obviously have read the
poststructuralist theorists that influenced Greenblatt. Yet, Forster too conceived
culture as a struggle. This is well-depicted in his novels where he plays out the
sterility and conformity of higher classes against the passion and warmth of more
marginal subjects. Throughout his life, he supported actions against censorship in art
and dedicated his posthumously-published novel Maurice to a
"happier time" when people would be more receptive to its homosexual content. At the
same time, Forster was, of course, very much a man of his times (though I may be
influenced myself by the Neo-Historicist idea that subversion always include
containment). As other Modernist writers, Forster used the idea of culture to confer
order upon an increasingly fragmented and chaotic world. "Only connect" was a favorite
motto of his and appeared as the epigraph to his novel Howard's End.
In his critical study Aspects of the Novel Forster
dismisses ideological concerns when analyzing a novel and concludes that, to judge a
text successful, a critic must feel "affection for it". To Forster, one of the most
important aspects of the novel is how it communicates universals, a term that New
Historicists would challenge.