When urinating, at the stage of final drain, why do some people experience body shivers?

An age old question most people never talk about.  The
honest truth is that there hasn't been a lot of research in this area since the issue
isn't threatening to a person's health, it is just a matter of curiosity for individuals
and scientists.  So truly, there has been little money or motivation for serious
research to take place.

This leaves us in the realm of
theory, and a few have been presented.  The formal name for the sydnrome or condition
you mention, believe it or not, is Post-micturition convulsion syndrome.
Yes, I had to look that up.

Some suggest
that the sudden expulsion of a relatively large amount of body temperature fluid causes
a chill.  Some link it to a drop in blood pressure.  The most likely theory at this
point is that the shiver is simply a reflex of the parasympathetic
nerve.

In "Lamb to the Slaughter," how would you describe Patrick's character?

To be honest, we are not told much about the character of
Patrick. Far more is revealed to us about the character of Mary Maloney, his wife.
However, we do know that he is a senior, high-ranking policeman and that he works very
hard at his job, as he comes back tired from work. Although we are not told specifically
why he is leaving Patrick, we can perhaps infer he has a mistress that he wants to live
with and leave Mary. This shows he is leading a double life and has been for quite some
time. Above all, we can say that he is a selfish and self-obsessed man. Note what he
says to Mary:

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"And I know it's kind of a bad time to be telling
you, but there simply wasn't any other way. Of course I'll give you money and see you're
looked after. But there needn't be any fuss. I hope not anyway. It wouldn't be very good
for my job."

Note how he is
more concerned about his job than he is concerned for Mary and her feelings at hearing
this terrible news. Thus, although we are not told much about his character, we can
infer that he is a selfish man who has been practising deception for some time and is
leaving his wife at a terrible time during her pregnancy.

What is the meaning behind "When I Heard the Learn'd Astronomer" by Walt Whitman?

The poem falls into two sections, even though they are not
indicated on the page. In the first, the narrator is inside the lecture room, listening
to a well educated astronomer, a "learned" man, explain the universe in terms of
mathematics, with his charts and diagrams to be added, divided, and measured. In the
second part of the poem, the narrator goes outside alone. The poem is developed in the
contrast between these two settings.

Inside the lecture
room, there is "much applause" by the audience, but the narrator begins to feel "tired
and sick." When he removes himself from the room and from the astronomer's lecture,
however, the change of setting suggests a change in his
feelings:

. .
. I wandered off by myself,

In the mystical moist night
air, and from time to time,

Looked up in perfect silence at
the stars.

The narrator has
placed himself in a romantic natural setting that is beautiful and appealing with the
reference to the "mystical moist night air." In this setting, he does not see the stars
as objects on charts and diagrams. He views them "in perfect silence" in the heavens,
their natural setting. The silence itself is an natural element of beauty that contrasts
the noisy lecture room.

The poem can be interpreted as
expressing a romantic view. The beauty, mystery, and grandeur of the universe cannot be
grasped intellectually, only spiritually.

What conflicts emerged between the former Allies after the end of WWII?

The major conflict that emerged between the former allies
was the Cold War.  It was really starting to emerge even toward the end of World War
II.

The problem was that the Soviet Union and the Western
Allies did not trust each other at all.  The Soviets thought the West was out to
encircle and destroy them.  The West thought that the Soviets were going to try to
dominate the world.  This led to conflict very soon after WWII
ended.

Later on, there would be conflict between the three
Western allies, but this would not be until quite a bit later.

What is the role of literature in the World State in Brave New World?

Literature has no role in the New World; in fact, it is
prohiited.  When the Savage arrives in the New World and he recites lines from
Romeo and Juliet, the children laugh, for they are unable
to understand the emotion that the Savage exhibits as he recites. Then, in Chapter XVI,
Mustapha Mond tells Helmholtz, Bernard, and the Savage, who are interested in
Othello that no one would understand tragedies.  For, they have
been designed to remain satisfied at all times in order for the society to remain
stable.  "You can't make tragedies without social instabiltiy," he tells the men.  When
the Savage objects, saying that Othello is much better than the feelies, Mond agrees,
but adds,

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"...that's the price we have to pay for
stability.  You've got to choose between happiness and what people used to call high
art.  We've sacrificed the high art.  We have the feelies and the scent organ
instead."

Since there is no
true independent thought or real emotion, literature has no place in the Brave New
World.

How does Lady Macbeth change during the course of the play?Discuss with particular reference to Act 1 Scene 5 and Act 5 Scene 1. Please give...

Lady Macbeth, in Shakespeare's Macbeth,
reverses gender roles with her husband at the beginning of the play, only to
revert to a traditional gender role by Act 5.1. 

Lady
Macbeth wants to be "unsexed," in Act 1, to be made warlike, like a male warrior.  She
wants to have no scruples when it comes to doing what's necessary to achieve the throne
for her husband--assassinate the king.  Macbeth has scruples and hesitates, but his wife
does not.

Furthermore, in Act 2.2, Lady Macbeth feels no
guilt and no regrets for plotting to kill the king, as her husband does.  A little water
will clear us of this deed, she says, while Macbeth metaphorically says that not even an
ocean could wash all of Duncan's blood from his hands, and also wishes the knocking at
the castle door could wake Duncan
up.

By Act 5.1, however, Lady Macbeth reverts back to the
traditional role of a female.  She now demonstrates scruples and feelings of guilt.  Now
that her husband has gone on a killing spree, she sees what her actions and manipulation
have led to, and she regrets and feels guilty for what she's
done. 

Lady Macbeth flip flops roles with her husband, so
much so that she suffers a break down and ultimately commits suicide.  One certainly
can't see her doing that in Act 1. 

In Section 33 of Song of Myself, what are some examples of visual imagery and tactile imagery?

This section of Whitman's poem is filled with sensory
writing; imagery is the most predominant poetic technique found throughout. Many of the
visual images are those of
nature:

• "Where the
  panther walks to and fro on a limb overhead"


• "Where the
  buck turns furiously at the hunter"


• "Where the
  rattlesnake suns his flabby length on a rock"


• "Where the
  alligator in his tough pimples sleeps by the
  bayou"


• "Where the beaver pats the mud with his
  paddle-shaped
  tail"

The
specific details in these lines create the visual images. Here is another excellent
example of visual imagery from the poem:

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Where cattle stand and shake away flies with the
tremulous shuddering of their
hides

Not all of the visual
images capture scenes from nature; some are domestic, such as those found in this
passage:

Where
the cheese-cloth hangs in the kitchen, where andirons straddle the hearth-slab, where
cobwebs fall in festoons from the
rafters;

These images create
the interior of farm house kitchen or a cabin.

Tactile
imagery in the poem is not developed as frequently, but it is present and effective, as
seen in these examples:

• "Scorch'd ankle-deep by
  the hot sand, hauling my boat down the shallow
  river"


• "The twinges that sting like needles his legs and
  neck, the murderous buckshot and the
  bullets"

In these passages, hot sand burns the
feet, and a runaway slave feels the physical pain of being
shot.