Thursday, March 21, 2013

What comments does Hecate make that suggest Macbeth has free will in Macbeth?

One of the central issues that you need to think through
when approaching this play is whether Macbeth was destined to do what he did or whether
he had a choice. This is a central question in many works of literature, and how we
respond will shape our whole view of this work. In particular, how you decide to answer
this question will greatly impact the way you view the role of the witches: are they
just reporters of what is going to happen, or do they deliberately manipulate and
obfuscate Macbeth, tantalising him with possible futures to get him to act against his
better conscience?


Hecate appears for the first time in Act
III Scene 5 of the play, where she berates the other witches for not consulting with her
about their dealings with Macbeth. It appears that Hecate regards their work with
Macbeth as "riddles, and affairs of death," which would suggest that what they have said
to Macbeth is not fated. However, later, Hecate remarks that Macbeth will come tomorrow
"to know his destiny," which perhaps suggests that the witches are able to tell him what
is fated. However, the end of her speech definitely suggests that the witches and Hecate
deal in spells and illusions and not reality or
destiny:



And
that, distill'd by magic sleights,


Shall raise such
artificial sprites,


As, by the strength of their
illusion,


Shall draw him on to his
confusion.


He shall spurn fate, scorn death, and
bear


His hopes 'bove wisdom, grace, and
fear...



Therefore, as a
result of the "artificial sprites" that Hecate will produce, Macbeth will be led on in
his "confusion," leading him to "spurn fate." These comments therefore suggest that
Macbeth is not fated to do what he does, he has a free will that the witches seek to
manipulate.

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