What challenges did Africans face when they gained independence from colonial rule?

Another very critical and ultimately tragic challenge that
post-Colonial Africa faced was the military legacy of the empires, which placed minority
tribes in positions of power and the military over majority rival tribes.  This was
called indirect rule and was primarily practiced by the British, and as the above post
suggests, this system remained after colonialism ended, and is still the source of
conflict to this day in some areas of Africa.

To compound
this problem, the US and the Soviet Union waged the Cold War through proxy states in
Africa, extending foreign aid by the billions to sometimes ruthless dictators in
exchange for loyalty, resources or military bases, and huge amounts of modern military
weaponry, which turned centuries-old tribal disputes into genocidal bloodbaths.  The CIA
and the KGB were also very active in planning coups, rigging elections, and engineering
the most friendly possible governments in African nations.