A heavy bumper weighing 150 N is suspended along the wall of the Welland Canal to protect the ships from scraping against the side of the wall.A...

The bumper is initially hung vertically and it has a
weight of 150 N.

The sailor grabs the rope holding the
bumper and pulls it horizontally so that the rope makes an angle of 40 degrees with the
wall.

We have two forces acting on the rope, one is by the
weight of the bumper acting vertically downwards and the other is the force applied
horizontally by the sailor pulling the rope. The result of the forces is that the rope
makes a 40 degree incline.

Let the tension in the rope be
T. This can be divided into its horizontal and vertical
components.

The vertical component is T*cos 40. This is
equal to the weight of the bumper.

T*cos 40 =
150

=> T = 150 / cos
40

=> T = 195.81

The
horizontal component is T*sin 40. This is equal to the force being applied by the
sailor.

T* sin 40 = F

We have
determined that T = 195.81

=> F = 195.81* sin 40 =
125.86

The force applied by the sailor is
125.86 N and the tension in the rope is 195.81 N.